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Coming soon: English posts on language and linguistics, language archaeology, frequentatives, onomastics and wikigovernment; ainsi que des billets français sur le Brésil et l'histoire des vigésimaux. Simple.

Guzzle

Another contender for frequentativity. Suggested as related to Fr. gosier, throat, or to Fr. gosiller, chirp (sing, eg like nightingale) which disappeared from use in favor of s'égosiller, emphasizing a more vigorous output through joy or anger, but this outward direction seems unlikely to generate un inward-directing action and I suspect a more probabe direct adaptation from gosier, as in to 'enthroat'. No clear evidence.

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Frequentative Sources

The list will be added to over time.

EOLhttps://www.etymonline.com/

Weekly: Ernest Weekly: An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English

Block & Wartburg

Oxford Dictionary of Etymology

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Puzzle

Puzzle is not an obvious frequentative, if one at all. EOL suggests a possible derivation of an Old French acception of poser meaning to take something upon which there is not agreement as a given for now (se dit en parlant de certaines choses dont on ne demeure pas d'accord), leading to English ‘to pose’, "to put questions to, interrogate closely" (ca.1520) and thence to puzzle, confuse, perplex" (ca.1590). Weekly suggests an apheresis of ME opposal, opposaylle (Lydgate ca±1425), for 'interrogation', presumably from French oposer (1176) for 'to object'. There seems to be a possible development of French oposer to opposer (<1500), 'express objection to', along with a possible conflation of Old French pauser, to rest, from Latin pausare to stop, cease, and thus morphing into a status of perplexity or bewilderment in 16th-C English pusle, puzzell.

Uncertain.

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Muzzle

This one is not a strict frequentative. Muzzle derives from Old French musel and/or museau, (ca.1210). Its origins are obscure: from low Latin musus via various old French variants such as Gascon mus for face, or Béarnais mus for snout or the face you pull when you're in a bad mood ('grouchy face'?), to which a possibly adjectival ‑el had been suffixed. But... Latin snout, musus, is not a million miles from Latin mus, mouse, and, after a couple of drinks, one might start wondering whether musus came from something looking like a mus attached to the front of a face... If musel / museau do(es) derive from the Béarnais, where, as in Latin ‑lis (‑lem), the ‑el might have switched role from attribute to adjective - in other words represent a state and therefore not a frequentative - prefiguring the ‑el pretending to be one in the French verb museler, to muzzle, which could thus perhaps be a crypto-frequentative.

An informed reader will see that I'm out of my depth here. But I'm not here to sink or swim, I'm here to learn and find out, so expect updates anon!

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Muzzle, Puzzle, Guzzle & Nuzzle

These words come under the questionable heading of frequentatives. One of them is a frequentative - a term, usually a verb, derived from another and indicating frequent repetition thereof -, one of them might be, and two of them are very probably not.

Since it's usually a final -le that indicates a frequentative, there will be a number of false frequentatives and perhaps just as many crypto-frequentatives. So far, I do not know. The first word I used to test the water some months ago took me an hour or so to achieve little but words, confusion, no conclusion and an unfinished draft.

And so I start again.

'Nuzzle' is said to date back to about 1400 and be a back-formation (process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter) of noselyng, i.e. nose-lying, or prostrate. Within a 100 years, it had become (recorded as) to 'burrow with the nose, thrust the nose into'. I find the back-formation explanation as unlikely as needing the term noselyng in the first place and suspect the far commoner human and animal habit of nuzzling, as per today's meaning, to be the probable culprit, and hence it probably derives from Anglo-Norman nase, nees, neiz, nez, noise, etc.

This is my first post on the topic, and may well prove completely wrong, but I'm throwing it out there anyway.

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